1、1 See Joeck, Neil, Maintaining Nuclear Stability in South Asia, Adelphi Paper 312, InternationalInstitute for Strategic Studies, 1997.2 Riedel, Bruce O., “American Diplomacy and the 1999 Kargil Summit at Blair House,” PolicyPaper Series, Center for the Advanced Study of India, University of Pennsylv
2、ania.http:/www.sas.upenn.edu/casi.Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code RS21237Updated February 17, 2005Indian and Pakistani Nuclear Weaponsnae redactedForeign Affairs, Defense, and Trade DivisionSummaryUntil 2005, India a
3、nd Pakistan were the only states outside the NuclearNonproliferation Treaty to declare, openly, their nuclear weapons capability. In 1998,they tested nuclear weapons and since then, deployed ballistic missiles, enunciatednuclear doctrine, and made organizational changes to their nuclear establishmen
4、ts. In2002, they teetered on the brink of war in Kashmir. This paper summarizes Indian andPakistani nuclear weapon capabilities and thinking, and discusses some confidence-building measures in place intended to help avert nuclear war. It will be updated asevents warrant.BackgroundAlmost 50 years of
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