1、1 Joseph G. Haubrich and Joao A. C. Santos, “Alternative Forms of Mixing Banking withCommerce: Evidence from American History,” Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments,vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 121-164.Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the
2、CRS WebOrder Code RS21680Updated April 27, 2005Affiliates in Banking, Finance, andCommerce: Development and Regulatory BackgroundWilliam D. JacksonSpecialist in Financial InstitutionsGovernment and Finance DivisionSummaryThe proliferation of corporate affiliates in banking, finance, and commerce has
3、figured in discussion of several policy issues, including how to protect against (1) lossesincurred by affiliated companies; (2) anticompetitive “tying” of bank and nonbankfinancial services; and (3) misuse of financial data of consumers. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act in 1999 greatly increased affiliat
4、ions. Sharing of consumer financialinformation among affiliates, one issue in reauthorization of the Fair Credit ReportingAct, requires considerable attention to affiliations. Proposed Community ReinvestmentAct regulations involve affiliates of banks. Comptroller of the Currency efforts to bringsubs
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