1、 https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated February 21, 2018Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) Provisions in P.L. 115-97, Tax Cuts and Jobs ActThe Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97), enacted in December 2017, included provisions establishing an oil and gas program in the Arctic National Wildlife R
2、efuge (ANWR or the Refuge). ANWR consists of 19 million acres in northeast Alaska, administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in the Department of the Interior (Figure 1). Initially established as a national wildlife range in 1960, the area was expanded and established as a refuge by the Al
3、aska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA; 16 U.S.C. 668dd note, 3141 et seq.). ANILCA designated a portion of the Refuge as wilderness and, in Section 1002, required a study of another portionthe 1.57-million-acre Coastal Plain (also referred to as the 1002 Area)to assess its wi
4、ldlife and potential impacts of oil and gas development. The Coastal Plain is viewed as an onshore oil prospect, with a 2005 mean estimate by the U.S. Geological Survey of 7.7 billion barrels of technically recoverable oil on federal lands (10.4 billion barrels including Native lands and adjacent wa
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