1、1 Jacques Delors Institute Policy Paper Photo by Sigmund on UnsplashArnault BarichellaAssociate Research Fellow in Cybersecurity and Digital TechnologiesEUROPE IN THE WORLDPOLICY PAPER No281SEPTEMBER 2022#ukraine#defenceCyberattacks in Russias hybrid war against Ukraine and its ramifications for Eur
2、ope Executive summary Following the annexation of Crimea and the outbreak of military tensions in the Donbas in 2014,a decade-long cyber confrontation has been ongoing between Russia,Ukraine and the West,with Russian-backed hackers unleashing some of the most destructive cyberattacks in history.Ther
3、e was widespread apprehen-sion that the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 would lead to a new wave of major cyberattacks.Although cybersecurity has certainly played a key role in the Ukraine war,this has not unfolded in the way many had expected.From an internal perspective,while Russian
4、hackers launched multiple cyber assaults against Ukraine since February,these have mostly consisted in medium to low-scale attacks involving spying,psychological disruption and hybrid war-fare,which combines targeted cyberattacks with kinetic military strikes on the ground.From an external perspecti
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