1、For a detailed summary and exposition of this area of the law, see CRS, Prayer and1Religion in the Public Schools: What Is, and Is Not, Permitted (July 16, 1993) (Report No. 93-680A).370 U.S. 421 (1962).2374 U.S. 203 (1963).3The religion clauses of the First Amendment provide that “Congress shall ma
2、ke no law4respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof .” Theseprotections of religious liberty have been held to be applicable to State and local governmentsas well under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. See Everson v. Board ofEducation, 330 U
3、.S. 1 (1947), and Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296 (1941).Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS Web94-821 AOctober 26, 1994Legislative Prayer and School Prayer:The Constitutional Difference(name redacted)Legislative AttorneyAmerica
4、n Law DivisionSummaryThe Supreme Court has held government-sponsored prayer in the public schoolsto violate the establishment of religion clause of the First Amendment. In contrast, ithas held clergy-led prayer in legislative assemblies such as the Congress and the Statelegislatures to be constituti
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