1、JULY 2025A Cyberattack Severity Classification Framework for the Republic of KoreaBy Sunha BaeIntroductionDespite deterrence efforts,cyber threats continue to escalate,highlighting the need for greater accountability from and cost imposition on malicious actors.The U.S.2023 National Cybersecurity St
2、rategy emphasizes imposing costs on malicious actors and reinforcing alliances;the Republic of Koreas(ROK)2024 National Cybersecurity Strategy also prioritizes offensive cyber defense and global cooperation.Since 2018,U.S.Cyber Commands“Defend Forward”policy has resulted in 40 Hunt Forward operation
3、s across 21 countries,exposing threats from major adversaries.Similarly,the European Unions updated 2023 Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox stresses situational awareness and the importance of holding persistent threat actors accountable.Attributing cyberattacks and formulating response strategies are inherent
4、ly political processes shaped by national security priorities,diplomatic relations,and geopolitical considerations.Governments must balance deterrence with escalation risks,ensuring proportionality and international legitimacy.It is therefore difficult to establish a single,uniform standard for resp
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